30 Free Scrum PSD-I Practice Questions

PSD-I Practice Questions

1. Question 1.When can Product Backlog Refinement occur?

   • A.Only during Sprint Planning.
   • B.Anytime during the Sprint.(correct answer)
   • C.Only during Refinement meetings planned by the Product Owner.
   • D.Before Sprint Planning.
   Show answer & explanationHide answer

   Correct answer: B

   Anytime during the Sprint.

   Explanation

   Product Backlog refinement is an ongoing activity that can happen anytime during the Sprint. It involves the Product Owner and the Developers collaborating to add detail, estimates, and order to items.

2. Question 2.What would NOT be considered Refactoring?

   • A.Reordering method parameters to improve readability.
   • B.Extracting interfaces.
   • C.Renaming things to be more logical.
   • D.Changing external interfaces or APIS.(correct answer)
   • E.Extracting methods.
   Show answer & explanationHide answer

   Correct answer: D

   Changing external interfaces or APIS.

   Explanation

   Refactoring is the process of improving the internal structure of code without changing its external behavior. Changing external interfaces or APIs would alter the behavior and is not considered refactoring.

3. Question 3.Your Scrum Team is one of seven teams working on a Software Product. All teams use the same Version Control System. Which is the best approach to deliver a high-quality Increment?

   • A.Developers should perform a combination of local and private builds.
   • B.Each team's automated build is integrated toward the end of the Sprint.
   • C.There is one automated and integrated build for all seven teams.(correct answer)
   • D.Each team should have its own automated build.
   Show answer & explanationHide answer

   Correct answer: C

   There is one automated and integrated build for all seven teams.

   Explanation

   In a multi-team environment, all teams must integrate their work frequently into a single automated build. This ensures that the combined product is functional and valuable at all times.

4. Question 4.Who creates documentation included with an Increment?

   • A.The Developers.(correct answer)
   • B.Increments do not need documentation.
   • C.The Product Owner.
   • D.Technical Writers.
   • E.The Scrum Master.
   Show answer & explanationHide answer

   Correct answer: A

   The Developers.

   Explanation

   The Developers are responsible for all work required to deliver a Done Increment, including any necessary technical or user documentation.

5. Question 5.What is a merge in a Version Control System?

   • A.Copying a portion of a code base to isolate it from the original codebase.
   • B.Identifying a particular codebase as ready for distribution.
   • C.Triggering a Deployment into Production.
   • D.Combining two or more versions of code into a single codebase.(correct answer)
   Show answer & explanationHide answer

   Correct answer: D

   Combining two or more versions of code into a single codebase.

   Explanation

   A merge is the process of joining different sequences of work (branches) back into a single shared codebase, resolving any conflicts that may have arisen during parallel development.

6. Question 6.Which three of the following are feedback loops in Scrum?

   • A.Daily Scrum.(correct answer)
   • B.Release Planning.
   • C.Sprint Review.(correct answer)
   • D.Refinement Meeting.
   • E.Sprint Retrospective.(correct answer)
   Show answer & explanationHide answer

   Correct answer: A, C, E

   Daily Scrum. / Sprint Review. / Sprint Retrospective.

   Explanation

   The Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective are key feedback loops in Scrum that allow for inspection and adaptation of the work, the product, and the process.

7. Question 7.Which four types of tests can be included in an automated test harness?

   • A.Performance.(correct answer)
   • B.Exploratory.
   • C.Unit.(correct answer)
   • D.Functional.(correct answer)
   • E.Manual regression.
   • F.Integration.(correct answer)
   Show answer & explanationHide answer

   Correct answer: A, C, D, F

   Performance. / Unit. / Functional. / Integration.

   Explanation

   An automated test harness typically includes unit, functional, integration, and performance tests. Exploratory and manual regression tests are generally not part of an automated harness.

8. Question 8.Which concept is described by the Last Responsible Moment?

   • A.Making decisions as soon as possible to close feedback loops as soon as possible.
   • B.Discover decisions to be made as soon as possible but postpone deciding to the latest reasonable moment.(correct answer)
   • C.The last moment in a Sprint when code changes are allowed, after this only stabilization work should be conducted.
   • D.Opening a learning window to validate hypotheses and create learning.
   • E.The last moment a Developer is responsible for quality, after this the Tester is responsible.
   Show answer & explanationHide answer

   Correct answer: B

   Discover decisions to be made as soon as possible but postpone deciding to the latest reasonable moment.

   Explanation

   The Last Responsible Moment is a strategy of delaying a decision until the cost of not making it exceeds the benefit of waiting. This preserves flexibility while ensuring the decision is made based on the most current information.

9. Question 9.Choose four desirable characteristics of a Unit Test.

   • A.Includes exercising the persistence layer.
   • B.Makes assertions about only one logical concept.(correct answer)
   • C.Independent of others.(correct answer)
   • D.Test code is as small as possible.(correct answer)
   • E.Execution is fast.(correct answer)
   Show answer & explanationHide answer

   Correct answer: B, C, D, E

   Makes assertions about only one logical concept. / Independent of others. / Test code is as small as possible. / Execution is fast.

   Explanation

   Effective unit tests should be fast, independent of other tests, small, and focused on a single logical concept with clear assertions.

10. Question 10.Why does a test written using TDD (Test Driven Development) initially fail?

    • A.Because the test has not been refactored.
    • B.Because it has to be put into an automated test harness to be run.
    • C.Because the tests are checked in before the Product code exists.
    • D.Because the Product code to satisfy the test does not yet exist.(correct answer)
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: D

    Because the Product code to satisfy the test does not yet exist.

    Explanation

    In TDD, the test is written before the code. Therefore, it initialy fails because the logic required to pass the test hasn't been implemented yet.

11. Question 11.When do the Developers show their work to the Product Owner?

    • A.Whenever the Product Owner asks.
    • B.During the Sprint Review.
    • C.Anytime the Developers need feedback from the Product Owner.
    • D.All of the above.(correct answer)
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: D

    All of the above.

    Explanation

    Transparency and collaboration are essential. Developers show their work to the Product Owner whenever they need feedback or whenever the PO asks, in addition to the formal Sprint Review.

12. Question 12.What are possible benefits from practicing Test Driven Development (TDD)?

    • A.It is a great way for Testers to contribute early in the Sprint as they can start creating all the tests from the beginning on.
    • B.It makes Integration Tests obsolete and by doing so saves a lot of time.
    • C.It helps break down complex problems into smaller ones that are much easier to be tackled.(correct answer)
    • D.It increases collaboration between Developers as it requires Pair Programming.
    • E.It might lead to better code as Refactoring is part of the TDD cycle.(correct answer)
    • F.It helps to identify gaps in understanding the desired behavior.(correct answer)
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: C, E, F

    It helps break down complex problems into smaller ones that are much easier to be tackled. / It might lead to better code as Refactoring is part of the TDD cycle. / It helps to identify gaps in understanding the desired behavior.

    Explanation

    TDD helps decompose complex problems and identify gaps in understanding. Since refactoring is an integral part of the cycle, it naturally leads to cleaner and more maintainable code.

13. Question 13.Who decides the System Architecture of a Product developed using Scrum?

    • A.The Architect chosen by the Scrum Team.
    • B.The Software Architect assigned to the Scrum Team.
    • C.The Developers with input from the Scrum Team and others.(correct answer)
    • D.The Chief Architect.
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: C

    The Developers with input from the Scrum Team and others.

    Explanation

    The Developers are responsables for the technical integrity of the product, including its architecture. They self-manage their work and collaborate to define the most appropriate structure.

14. Question 14.When using Continuous Integration, how often should the build be executed?

    • A.Once per hour.
    • B.Whenever new or changed code is checked into version control.(correct answer)
    • C.Once per day.
    • D.Before the end of the Sprint.
    • E.Whenever new tests are created or uncertainty arises about whether old tests will pass.
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: B

    Whenever new or changed code is checked into version control.

    Explanation

    Continuous Integration requires that code be integrated and verified frequently. The best practice is to trigger the build every time a change is committed to the version control system.

15. Question 15.Which of the following are advantages of Continuous Integration?

    • A.Readability of code is improved.
    • B.Know immediately how a change affected the Product.(correct answer)
    • C.The feature-branch is generally kept in a buildable state.
    • D.Reduce effort and risk when integrating changes.(correct answer)
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: B, D

    Know immediately how a change affected the Product. / Reduce effort and risk when integrating changes.

    Explanation

    Continuous Integration provides immediate feedback on changes, allowing the team to reduce integration risk and keep the shared codebase in a buildable, high-quality state.

16. Question 16.Who determines how work is performed during the Sprint?

    • A.The Scrum Master.
    • B.The Scrum Team.
    • C.Team Manager.
    • D.Subject matter experts.
    • E.The Developers.(correct answer)
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: E

    The Developers.

    Explanation

    The Developers are self-managing. They alone decide how to turn Product Backlog items into a Done Increment, determining the best technical approach and tools for the job.

17. Question 17.Who creates tests on a Scrum Team?

    • A.The Product Owner.
    • B.The Developers.(correct answer)
    • C.Quality Assurance Specialists.
    • D.The Scrum Master.
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: B

    The Developers.

    Explanation

    In Scrum, the Developers are cross-functional and collectively responsible for all aspects of development, including creating and executing tests to ensure the Increment is 'Done'.

18. Question 18.What is Test First Development (TFD)?

    • A.Creating tests before satisfying them.(correct answer)
    • B.Testing existing code before adding more code to it.
    • C.Having the Tester in the Scrum Team write the test plans before coding.
    • D.The continuous restructuring of Software to retain flexibility.
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: A

    Creating tests before satisfying them.

    Explanation

    Test First Development (TFD) is the practice of writing a failing test before writing the production code that makes the test pass, ensuring that code is written to meet specific requirements.

19. Question 19.Which is the most reliable form of technical documentation?

    • A.A spreadsheet of passing manual tests.
    • B.The Developer's whiteboard.
    • C.UML model.
    • D.Release notes.
    • E.A help file.
    • F.A passing test harness with clear naming and vocabulary.(correct answer)
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: F

    A passing test harness with clear naming and vocabulary.

    Explanation

    A passing automated test suite with clear, descriptive naming acts as executable documentation, providing the most reliable and up-to-date description of the system's behavior.

20. Question 20.While developing new functionality, you find a bug that has already been delivered to the customer. What do you do?

    • A.Revise the tests so that the bug no longer appears on the bug report.
    • B.Fix the bug.
    • C.Talk to the Product Owner.(correct answer)
    • D.Stub out the code that caused the bug so it no longer occurs.
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: C

    Talk to the Product Owner.

    Explanation

    When a bug is discovered in production, the Developers should work with the Product Owner to determine its priority and how it should be addressed relative to other work.

21. Question 21.Who has the final decision about the order of items in the Product Backlog?

    • A.The Scrum Master.
    • B.The Stakeholders.
    • C.The Scrum Team.
    • D.The Developers.
    • E.The Product Owner.(correct answer)
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: E

    The Product Owner.

    Explanation

    The Product Owner is the sole person accountable for the Product Backlog, including its content, ordering, and transparency.

22. Question 22.What are two differences between Unit Tests and Integration Tests?

    • A.A Unit Test isolates a specific system behavior.(correct answer)
    • B.An Integration Test usually focuses on the integration of two or more units.(correct answer)
    • C.A Unit Test is automated.
    • D.An Integration Test runs overnight.
    • E.A Unit Test only runs on a Developer's workstation.
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: A, B

    A Unit Test isolates a specific system behavior. / An Integration Test usually focuses on the integration of two or more units.

    Explanation

    Unit tests focus on isolating and verifying a single unit of logic, while integration tests verify that multiple units or systems work correctly together.

23. Question 23.How much time must a Product Owner spend with the Developers?

    • A.100%.
    • B.Enough so that the Product Owner is not surprised by the value delivered by the Increment.
    • C.40%, or more if the Stakeholders agree.
    • D.Any amount of time the Developers ask the Product Owner to be present.(correct answer)
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: D

    Any amount of time the Developers ask the Product Owner to be present.

    Explanation

    The Product Owner should be available to the Developers as needed to clarify requirements and provide feedback, ensuring the team is building the right thing.

24. Question 24.What are the typical roles when practicing Pair Programming?

    • A.Product Owner and Developer.
    • B.Business Analyst and Developer.
    • C.Tester and Developer.
    • D.Driver and Navigator.(correct answer)
    • E.Frontend and Backend.
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: D

    Driver and Navigator.

    Explanation

    In Pair Programming, the 'Driver' writes the code while the 'Navigator' reviews each line, thinks about the bigger picture, and identifies potential issues in real-time.

25. Question 25.True or False: When multiple teams work together on the same Product, each team should maintain a separate Product Backlog.

    • A.True.
    • B.False.(correct answer)
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: B

    False.

    Explanation

    Regardless of the number of teams, there is only one Product Backlog for a single product to maintain transparency and a single source of work.

26. Question 26.What are three of the best ways to address non-functional requirements?

    • A.Scrum is for functional, front-end development only.
    • B.Important, recurring non-functional requirements can be added to the Definition of Done.(correct answer)
    • C.Discuss them during a risk mitigation phase before development.
    • D.Include them in the Product Backlog.(correct answer)
    • E.Specific expectations can be used as Acceptance Criteria to specific Product Backlog Items.(correct answer)
    • F.Before the release, they should be tested and validated in a hardening Sprint.
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: B, D, E

    Important, recurring non-functional requirements can be added to the Definition of Done. / Include them in the Product Backlog. / Specific expectations can be used as Acceptance Criteria to specific Product Backlog Items.

    Explanation

    Non-functional requirements should be treated as transparently as functional ones. They can be added to the Product Backlog, used as acceptance criteria, or included in the Definition of Done if they apply to every Increment.

27. Question 27.What is the primary purpose of Refactoring?

    • A.Ensuring that all factors are constantly aligned.
    • B.Removing all bugs that were found during Regression Tests.
    • C.Making sure that the code is readable and maintainable.(correct answer)
    • D.Creating better technical documentation.
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: C

    Making sure that the code is readable and maintainable.

    Explanation

    Refactoring is primarily about improving code quality, readability, and maintainability. It ensures the codebase remains flexible and healthy, reducing technical debt over time.

28. Question 28.Which are four attributes of a good bug report?

    • A.Expected results and observed results.(correct answer)
    • B.Includes build or version number where bug was found.(correct answer)
    • C.Includes code for a proposed fix.
    • D.Provides simple and repeatable reproduction steps.(correct answer)
    • E.Screenshots or other pictures of the bug in action.(correct answer)
    • F.Explains some new system functionality desired.
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: A, B, D, E

    Expected results and observed results. / Includes build or version number where bug was found. / Provides simple and repeatable reproduction steps. / Screenshots or other pictures of the bug in action.

    Explanation

    A good bug report provides the technical context (version, build) and repeatable steps with expected vs. observed results, often supported by visual evidence like screenshots.

29. Question 29.The practice of decomposing a requirement into failing tests is called:

    • A.Regression Testing.
    • B.Object oriented requirements definition.
    • C.Acceptance Test Driven Development.(correct answer)
    • D.Behavior Driven Development.
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: C

    Acceptance Test Driven Development.

    Explanation

    Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD) involves decomposing requirements into failing automated tests, ensuring the software meets the agreed-upon business criteria.

30. Question 30.What is a mock object?

    • A.A test object that mimics the behavior of a dependency in the system under test.(correct answer)
    • B.A mock helps you create a build script.
    • C.Mocks, stubs, dummies, fakes, and shims are all the same.
    • D.A mock is a way to initialize the database for testing.
    Show answer & explanationHide answer

    Correct answer: A

    A test object that mimics the behavior of a dependency in the system under test.

    Explanation

    A mock object is a simulated dependency used in testing to decouple the system under test from its real-world collaborators, allowing for faster and more controlled tests.

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